Kraftwerk's radical and prophetic approach to purely electronic pop music has been referenced by an extraordinary number of artists from the mid-'70s onward. The Düsseldorf pioneers' self-described "robot pop" -- hypnotically minimal and obliquely rhythmic, and presented since the late '70s as the work of automatons -- has resonated in virtually every development of contemporary pop since the late 20th century, including David Bowie's Berlin trilogy, synth pop, and Neue Deutsche Welle, as well as later U.S. developments such as electro, techno, and house.